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The geometry of kerogen-hosted pores partially controls storage and transport of hydrocarbons in organic-rich mudstones (commonly referred to as shales). Although these pores are considerably smaller than those encountered in conventional reservoir rocks, several laboratory techniques are available that provide some description of kerogen’s microstructure. Many of those techniques perform optimally...
Enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) can be recovered by injecting a gas such as carbon dioxide into the reservoir to displace methane. The contrast between density, viscosity, and permeability of the resident and displacing fluids affects the efficiency of ECBM recovery. The prediction of earlier breakthrough becomes complex as the permeability may vary by orders of magnitude during gas injection and...
Steam reforming of propane–methane mixture into methane-rich gas was studied in a fixed-bed continuous-flow reactor in a temperature interval of 150–325°C under atmospheric pressure over Ni-based catalyst. It was found that the catalyst had good performance under low steam-to-carbon ratio of 0.39–0.58 and provided equilibrium product distribution at GHSV=670–3100h −1 . Macrokinetic modeling...
A PVDC–PVC derived carbon molecular sieve (CMS-IMP12) was used for adsorbing the benzene contained in a sample of reforming gasoline from a Mexican Refinery. First an olefin free benzene enriched fraction (H-BHC) was obtained by distillation-hydrogenation. The adsorption process may be carried out in one and two-steps. In the one-step procedure, benzene was adsorbed along other hydrocarbons in a 28mL/100g...
A study on toxic elements behaviors from a 330MW coal gangue circulated fluidized bed co-combustion power plant equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) was performed. Simultaneous sampling of feed coal, bottom ash, fly ash and flue gas were implemented. Sequential chemical extraction was taken to investigate the transformation behaviors of toxic elements. The relative distribution and partitioning...
The lift-off flame of gasoline/diesel blend fuel spray in controllable active thermo-atmosphere (CATA) was captured by a high speed camera to investigate the auto-ignition characteristics of blend fuel, meanwhile a database for further simulation work was provided. The experimental results showed that the influence of co-flow temperature on spray lift-off flame has two opposite trends: Under higher...
In order to address increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the future fossil fuel shortage and increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations, a variety of biofuels are being progressively incorporated into conventional transportation fuels. Despite the beneficial impact of biofuels on most regulated pollutants, their combustion induces the increase of a variety of aldehydes that are being considered...
The aim of the paper is highly relevant in different countries dealing with some experimental results obtained in a membrane pilot plant designed to upgrade biomethane to such a quality level that it is worth injecting into the methane grid where it is widespread over many territories especially in Italy.The process chosen is able to upgrade biomethane for different inlet conditions assessing the...
Burdukov et al. [6] showed experimentally that enhancement of coal reactivity when micronized in a high-impact disintegrator mill makes it possible to attain self-igniting and self-sustaining (autothermal) compact-flame combustion in a cold environment, akin to that of heavy oil. We present computational modeling of autothermal combustion of mechanically-activated microground coal in a 5MW pilot-scale...
Catalytic cracking of naphtha over one-dimensional (1D) pore zeolite was targeted by using n-hexane as a model compound. Novel hierarchical H-ZSM-23 (MTT), a 1D pore zeolite, was specially designed to maximize propylene yield from catalytic cracking. Very high propylene-to-ethylene ratio of 2.5 was achieved. The ZSM-23 with mesopores displayed an enhanced deactivation resistance compared to microporous...
In this study, a sodium amide (NaNH 2 ) catalyst and a microwave heating system were used to increase Jatropha methyl ester yields, and reduce both reaction time and energy consumption. The experimental results indicate that the yield increased as the catalyst amount, reaction time, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and temperature increased, and then decreased when the values of these parameters...
The relative volumes and the viscosities of four Diesel fuels have been measured experimentally to pressures up to 350MPa and temperatures to 160°C. The experimental liquids were an extra low viscosity reference fuel, an ethanol based blend, neat biodiesel and 20% biodiesel. The Tait and Murnaghan equations of state represented the pressure–volume–temperature response equally well. The improved Yasutomi...
A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC) with liquid metallic antimony (Sb) anode was assembled. This type of DC-SOFC provides a new way to utilize coal in a both efficient and clean way. The intrinsic reaction kinetics of the liquid Sb anode was closely observed and analyzed without the presence of fuel, and a promotion of cell performance derived from cell discharging was discovered. Then...
Experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion chamber by using a Schlieren system to study the laminar burning velocities and intrinsic instabilities of lean and stoichiometric (equivalence ratio from 0.3 to 1.0) H 2 /CO/air premixed flames at various hydrogen fractions (30%, 50%, and 70%) at reduced, atmospheric, and elevated pressures (from 0.05MPa to 0.4MPa). The unstretched...
This paper presents the soot temperature and KL factor for biodiesel, namely fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and diesel fuel combustion in a constant volume chamber using a two-color technique. The KL factor is a parameter for soot concentration, where K is an absorption coefficient and proportional to the number density of soot particles, L is the geometric thickness of the flame along the optical...
Ash melting characteristics of five coals up to 1873K were characterized using Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) to predict their ash deposition tendency during coal combustion in a rotary kiln. Conventional coal indices commonly used for the assessment of the ash deposition in pulverized coal fired boiler did not provide a satisfactory distinction for rotary kiln. However, the ratio of combined amounts...
Nowadays the industrial coal beneficiation in China could only reduce the ash yield to about 10%, which could not meet the requirement or standard of environment protection. In this work, the possibility of reducing the ash yield was studied from the aspect of geochemistry. The channel samples were collected from two coal seams in Guizhou and Shanxi province, China and then conducted analysis by combining...
Recently in Brazil, a large number of severe cases of adulteration of hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel (HEAF) with methanol have been observed, causing losses to the tax authorities and consumers. A rapid and reliable analysis is demanded to assess the presence of this contaminant, whose physical and chemical properties are very similar to HEAF. The 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H...
The main objective of this research was to study fuel bed combustion dynamics of a BioGrate boiler with a mechanistic model. First, the fuel specific pyrolysis reaction rates were experimentally determined for the model. Second, the model was validated and finally, it was used to investigate the effects of the primary air flows on drying, pyrolysis and char consumption rates occurring inside the fuel...
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